Volcan0 в 08:37, 17 апреля 2019

2019-04-17T08:37:20Z

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[[Категория:Оборудование]]__TOC__
[[Файл:CO₂.jpg|thumb|600px|Угловой распылитель для CO₂ из керамики и стекла]]
== Описание ==
В процессе фотосинтеза растения используют [[углекислый газ]], поэтому при большой массе растений они просто используют весь CO₂ из воды и останутся без материала для синтеза углеводов. То есть для интенсивного роста растениям нужна дополнительная подача CO₂.

Оптимальная концентрация CO₂ — от 15 до 30 мг/л. При меньших концентрациях растениям не будет хватать углерода для строительства клеток, а концентрации свыше 30 мг/л могут быть токсичны для обитателей. При низком [[kH]] (<4) есть риск обвала [[pH]] даже при небольшом увеличении подачи CO₂.

== Способы подачи ==

Существует несколько способов подачи в аквариум углекислого газа для растворения в воде.

=== [[Подача CO₂ из баллона]] ===

С помощью баллона с углекислым газом и небольшого комплекта оборудования можно обеспечить длительную и стабильную подачу CO₂.

=== [[Дрожжи]] ===

Дрожжи — одноклеточные организмы, которые в процессе метаболизма выделяют углекислый газ. Дрожжевые методы получения углекислого газа отличаются простотой и доступностью материалов, а также не сложным оборудованием, которое можно сделать самому в домашних условиях.

=== [[Синтез CO₂]] ===

В результате некоторых химических реакций выделяется углекислый газ. Например, при реакции лимонной кислоты с содой.

== Определение количества растворённого CO₂ ==
Количество растворённого CO₂, pH и KH — зависящие друг от друга параметры. Чем больше в воде растворено CO₂, тем ниже pH. Чем выше KH, тем сложнее растворяется CO₂. Концентрацию CO₂ можно определить по следующей таблице:
{|
|+Концентрация CO₂, мг/л
|
!colspan="21" style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|PH
|-style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"
|'''KH°'''||6,0||6,1||6,2||6,3||6,4||6,5||6,6||6,7||6,8||6,9||7,0||7,1||7,2||7,3||7,4||7,5||7,6||7,7||7,8||7,9||8,0
|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''1'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|30
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|24
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|19
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|16
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|12
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|10
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|8
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|6
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|5
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|4
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''2'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|60
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|48
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|38
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0db86"|31
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|24
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|19
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|16
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|12
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|10
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|8
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|6
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|5
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|4
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|4
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''3'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|90
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|72
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|57
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|46
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|36
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|29
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|23
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|18
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|15
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|12
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|9
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|8
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|6
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|5
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|4
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|1
|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''4'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|120
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|96
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|76
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|61
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|48
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|38
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0db86"|31
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|24
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|20
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|16
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|12
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|10
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|8
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|7
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|5
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|4
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|4
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''5'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|150
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|120
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|95
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|76
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|60
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|48
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|38
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|30
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|24
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|20
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|16
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|12
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|10
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|8
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|6
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|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''6'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|180
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|143
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|114
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|91
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|72
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|57
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|46
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|36
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|29
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|23
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|18
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|15
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|12
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|10
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|8
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|6
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|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|2
|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''7'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|210
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|167
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|133
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|106
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|84
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|67
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|53
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|42
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0db86"|34
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|27
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|21
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|17
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|14
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|11
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|9
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|7
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|6
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|5
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|4
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''8'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|240
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|191
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|152
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|121
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|96
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|76
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|61
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|48
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|39
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0db86"|31
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|24
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|20
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|16
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|13
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|10
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|8
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|7
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|5
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|4
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|4
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|3
|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''9'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|270
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|215
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|171
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|136
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|108
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|86
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|68
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|54
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|43
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0db86"|34
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|27
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|22
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|18
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|14
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|11
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|9
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|7
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|6
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|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''10'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|300
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|239
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|190
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|151
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|120
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|95
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|76
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|60
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|48
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|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|30
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|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''11'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|330
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|263
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|209
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|166
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|132
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|105
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|83
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|66
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|53
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|42
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0db86"|33
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|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''12'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|360
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|286
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|228
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|181
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|144
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|114
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|91
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|72
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|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''13'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|390
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|-
|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''14'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|420
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|style="text-align:center;background-color:darkgrey"|'''16'''
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffd1a1"|480
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|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0db86"|31
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|25
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|20
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgreen"|16
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|13
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#e1efa1"|10
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|8
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|7
|style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgrey"|5
|}

== См. также ==

{{#autolist:}}

CO₂ - История изменений

Volcan0 в 08:37, 17 апреля 2019